Verbs are words that express actions, states, or occurrences. In English, they are categorized into two main types: regular and irregular.
Regular verbs
Regular verbs are the most common type of verb in English. They follow a specific pattern to form their past tense and past participle forms. To form the past tense and past participle of a regular verb, we simply add “-ed” or “-d” to the base form.
Example:
- Base form: work
- Past tense: worked
- Past participle: worked
Other examples of regular verbs:
- play – played – played
- walk – walked – walked
- study – studied – studied
- dance – danced – danced
Formulas of Regular Verbs
| No. | Formula | Examples | ||
| Base – V1 | Past – V2 | Past. Participle – V3 | ||
| 1. | Base form + -ed | Walk | Walked | Walked |
| 2. | Verbs ending in – e + -d | Like | Liked | Liked |
| 3. | Verbs ending in consonant + y => change y to i + -ed | Carry Study | Carried Studied | Carried Studied |
| 4. | Some verbs ending in a single consonant + the second last letter is vowel => double the last letter + ed | Plan Stop Shop Clap | Planned Stopped Shopped Clapped | Planned Stopped Shopped Clapped |
Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs, on the other hand, do not follow a regular pattern. Their past tense and past participle forms are often unpredictable and must be memorized.
Example:
- Base form: go
- Past tense: went
- Past participle: gone
Other examples of irregular verbs:
- eat – ate – eaten
- see – saw – seen
- have – had – had
- be – was/were – been
While irregular verbs may seem challenging, they are essential for fluent English communication. They are frequently used in everyday language and can significantly impact the accuracy and fluency of your speech and writing.
AAA Types Irregular Verbs
| No. | Formula | Examples | ||
| Base – V1 | Past – V2 | Past. Participle – V3 | ||
| 1. | AAA type verbs | Bet | Bet | Bet |
| Cut | Cut | Cut | ||
| Hit | Hit | Hit | ||
| Hurt | Hurt | Hurt | ||
| Let | Let | Let | ||
| Read | Read | Read | ||
| Shut | Shut | Shut | ||
| Put | Put | Put | ||
Here are some examples of AAA-type irregular verbs:
- bet: bet, bet, bet
- cost: cost, cost, cost
- cut: cut, cut, cut
- hit: hit, hit, hit
- hurt: hurt, hurt, hurt
- let: let, let, let
- put: put, put, put
- quit: quit, quit, quit
- read: read, read, read
- shut: shut, shut, shut
These verbs have the same form for the base form, past tense, and past participle.
ABA type Irregular Verbs
| No. | Formula | Examples | ||
| Base – V1 | Past – V2 | Past. Participle – V3 | ||
| 2. | ABA type verbs | Become | Became | Become |
| Come | Came | Come | ||
| Run | Ran | Run | ||
| Overcome | Overcame | Overcome | ||
ABB type Irregular Verbs
| No. | Formula | Examples | ||
| Base – V1 | Past – V2 | Past. Participle – V3 | ||
| 3. | ABB type verbs | Build | Built | Built |
| Buy | Bought | Bought | ||
| Feel | Felt | Felt | ||
| Fight | Fought | Fought | ||
| Find | Found | Found | ||
Here are some examples of ABB-type irregular verbs:
- Build: build, built, built
- Buy: buy, bought, bought
- Feel: feel, felt, felt
- Fight: fight, fought, fought
- Find: find, found, found
- Hear: hear, heard, heard
- Hold: hold, held, held
- Keep: keep, kept, kept
- Kneel: kneel, knelt, knelt
- Lead: lead, led, led
- Leave: leave, left, left
- Mean: mean, meant, meant
- Meet: meet, met, met
- Pay: pay, paid, paid
- Say: say, said, said
- Sell: sell, sold, sold
- Send: send, sent, sent
- Spend: spend, spent, spent
- Stand: stand, stood, stood
- Teach: teach, taught, taught
- Think: think, thought, thought
- Win: win, won, won
ABC-type Irregular verbs
| No. | Formula | Examples | ||
| Base – V1 | Past – V2 | Past. Participle – V3 | ||
| 3. | ABC type verbs | Begin | Began | Begun |
| Drink | Drank | Drunk | ||
| Ring | Rang | Rung | ||
| Sing | Sang | Sung | ||
| Sink | Sank | Sunk | ||
| Swim | Swam | Swum | ||
Here are some examples of ABC-type irregular verbs:
- Begin: begin, began, begun
- Drink: drink, drank, drunk
- Ring: ring, rang, rung
- Sing: sing, sang, sung
- Sink: sink, sank, sunk
- Stink: stink, stank, stunk
- Swim: swim, swam, swum
- Think: think, thought, thought
These verbs follow the pattern of changing the vowel sound in the past tense and past participle forms.
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